Strategic and tactical planning for ecosystem approaches to manage Chesapeake Bay fisheries

Five years ago, an Advisory Panel comprised of scientists and managers produced a Fisheries Ecosystem Plan (FEP) for Chesapeake Bay. This strategic plan was adopted by the Chesapeake Bay Program to guide development of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) plans for key species. Maryland Sea Grant directs this project, utilizing the FEP as its guide. The scientific structure and process are in place and Quantitative Ecosystem Teams now work to address needs identified by Key Species Teams. Five plans are under development: striped bass, eastern oyster, blue crab, Atlantic menhaden, and the alosine complex. These ecosystem-based plans will differ substantively, if not drastically, from traditional fishery management plans. New integrative, biological indicators and reference points will specify targets and thresholds for management consistent with an ecosystem approach. The plans will be precautionary and adaptive. To succeed, they must promote sustainable fishing while protecting and restoring habitats and water quality, minimizing bycatch, conserving food-web relationships, accounting for climate change, and addressing socio-economic impacts.  Measures to implement EBFM needs can be initiated now in Chesapeake Bay although there remain major gaps in knowledge and institutional capability. The longer-term strategy for Chesapeake Bay will promote shared governance, possible new institutions, and expanded stakeholder involvement.