"Ecological Benefits of Compensatory Stream Mitigation in An Intensively Mined Watershed "

Large scale surface mining in the Appalachians causes significant alteration of headwater catchments, and these impacts may be offset through stream restoration. There have been over 100 mining related stream mitigation projects in West Virginia in the last 10 years. Unfortunately, very little is known regarding the ecological benefits of mitigation projects. In this project we use a before-after-control-impact design to 1) quantify the ecological benefits of 21 stream restoration projects in the southern WV coalfields; 2) identify factors constraining benefits; and 3) model benefits of mitigation to assist in future site selection. Our results indicate that the benefits of the mitigation include: increased fish habitat and bed complexity, increased substrate diversity, increased macroinvertebrate biomass and diversity, and increased fish biomass and diversity. However, elevated TDS represents a critical factor limiting benefits of habitat restoration actions. Furthermore, mitigation benefits are minimal in streams that are highly isolated by poor regional conditions. Ultimately, our results can be used to guide stream mitigation actions that are more effective in restoring and maintaining ecological function of mined watersheds.