Risks and Management of Diseases to Avoid Unwanted Outcomes in Aquaculture

Management of pathogens and parasites in aquaculture systems is a complex process with many options that must be considered. Managers must consider the biosecurity of the particular facility, its water sources, and connections with surface or coastal waters. The life cycle of each potential disease agent must be understood, as well as the susceptibility of the fish/shellfish being propagated. What is the prevalence of the agent, and how was that determined. What are the risks of treating or not treating the fish or shellfish. In the US, the regulatory community for aquaculture is complex, with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the US. Environmental Protection Agency control most chemical applications, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture controlling biologics. Public perceptions of the risks of aquaculture chemical and therapeutant use in aquaculture are complicated by a lack of clear understanding of the risks and benefits. Rarely are comparisons made with other forms of agriculture or human use that may have direct or indirect association with water resources.  I provide a summary of options, and emerging technologies that provide an improved understanding of the risks and benefits of aquaculture operations.