Understanding the Basic Biology and Ecology of Invasive Nile Tilapia: The Role It Plays In Sustainable Aquatic Biodiversity

Sustainable aquatic biodiversity is a complex process of understanding species physiological and behavioral capabilities, how these species respond to a non-native environment and its fauna, the economics associated with aquaculture, and social and philosophical realities. Herein we review our experience with an established population of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in coastal Mississippi.  We set our review in context with other aquaculture, ballast water and aquarium trade introductions, some of which have trivial influences whereas other have significant influences on coastal and freshwater environments and native fauna.  We argue that development of a complete understanding of the basic biology of aquaculture species is imperative to proactively protect aquatic biodiversity.  To have real ‘responsible’ aquaculture requires tradeoffs between establishment of appropriate best management practices to protect the environment and its native fauna balanced with the economics of industry growth.