The Blood, Sweat and Tears - a Decade of Ecosystem Models in Support of Fisheries Management

In many ways ecosystem models in support of management are still in their infancy. In other ways they are not new. In a science role their use is well into its third decade. While their management role is not as extensive as yet they have seen increasing use. The way they are used, their success and content have varied place to place. Some insights will be provided on this front drawing on a decade of applying "whole of system" (or "end to end") models in support of strategic fisheries management.