Latent-Class Cluster Analysis: Categorizing Recreational Salmon Anglers' Attitudes and Behaviours Relevant for Pacific Salmon Conservation and Management in British Columbia

The recreational fishing sector is the dominant user of salmon stocks in inland waters of the Fraser River, BC, in terms of the number of participants and the economic benefits. They represent a vocal and effective constituent; and understanding the human dimensions of this group is paramount to achieving harmony between economic demand and conservation values. We examined the recreational salmon fisheries of the Fraser to develop understanding of policy-relevant attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours regarding proposed conservation initiatives. Additionally, we sought to explore the applicability of Latent-class Cluster Analysis (LCA) models to conservation and resource management. We completed 311 semi-structured interviews with recreational salmon anglers on fishing grounds of the lower Fraser River. LCAs were used to categorize anglers by their specialization, perceived threats to salmon populations, learning preferences, and environmental attitudes. We found that LCA modelling can identify discrete groups of anglers based on attitudinal data. These models make it possible to predict angler behavioural and response patterns which can help policy-makers improve information flow and gain potential insight on the effectiveness of various management scenarios. Ultimately, such information can aid in successful long-term salmon conservation, more broadly, improve synergy between the use and conservation values of natural resources.