Identification and Implementation of Native Fish Conservation Areas in the Upper Colorado River Basin

Freshwater fishes continue to decline at a rapid rate despite substantial conservation efforts.  Native Fish Conservation Areas (NFCA) are a management approach emphasizing persistent native fish communities and healthy watersheds while simultaneously allowing for compatible human uses.  We identified potential NFCAs in the Upper Colorado River Basin in Wyoming – focusing on Colorado River cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus), flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus), and roundtail chub (Gila robusta) - through a process that combined known and modeled species distributions, spatial prioritization analysis, and stakeholder discussions.   The network of potential NFCAs is intended to serve as a funding framework for a National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) Keystone Initiative focused on Colorado River Basin native fishes.  We discuss current opportunities for and impediments to implementing the potential NFCAs we identified for the NFWF Initiative over the long-term.  NFCAs represent a promising approach to fisheries management that complements existing approaches by focusing on persistent native fish communities.