Validity of current sampling procedures for U.S. Atlantic coast spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the southern extent of the range

Interstate and federal population assessments for North Carolina spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) are based on a research design that may not adequately sample populations in the southern extent of the range.  Ninety-three over-wintering spiny dogfish were surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters to determine the northern and southern migratory extent and timing of movement.  In addition to understanding movement patterns and pathways, these data also were used to determine whether (and how often) sharks move beyond the region that is actively sampled via state and federal research cruises.  Habitat association models are being developed to predict movement and behavior in North Carolina waters.  Functional spiny habitat, primarily defined in the literature by temperature and depth, was quantified and compared through time to recommend a redefined southern limit for state and federal sampling efforts.