The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a final rule implementing 316(b) of the Clean Water Act on August 15, 2014. This regulatory action targets reduction in mortality associated with the impingement and entrainment of fish and shellfish at cooling water intakes, and affects over 1,000 facilities (power plants, pulp and paper mills, iron mills, chemical plants, oil & gas facilities) throughout the U.S. that use cooling water. Industries, federal and state regulatory and resource agencies, non-governmental organizations and the public are now faced with the challenge of implementing this rule. This symposium will present the latest information on:

1. technologies for protecting fish and shellfish at cooling water intakes – including traveling water screens, velocity caps, intake velocity, barrier nets, behavioral systems, closed-cycle cooling systems, and other methods for reducing, excluding or collecting and returning fish and shellfish to source waterbodies.
2. methods for characterizing impingement and entrainment and for determining the performance of technologies. 
3. methods for economic analysis to determine the cost-benefit for compliance activities.
4. challenges and science-based solutions to rule implementation.